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Solar flares are intense, short-lived releases of energy. (Photo: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

In a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) solar material streaks out through the interplanetary medium, impacting any planet or spacecraft in its path. They are sometimes associated with flares, but usually occur independently. (Photo: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

The sun from maximum to minimum. (Photo: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

A coronal hole on the sun, seen here in dark blue, is an area of the sun's atmosphere, the corona, where the magnetic field opens up and the material flows quickly out. (Photo: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

The sun erupting with a CME traveling at over 900 miles per second. (Photo: ESA & NASA/SOHO)

Sunspots sketched by Richard Carrington on Sept. 1, 1859. (Credit: NASA/Royal Astronomical Society)

GOES or Geosynchronous Orbit Satellite solar X-ray image from July 19, 2013. GOES continuously monitors the Earth’s surface. (Photo: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

Astronauts, pilots and airline personnel are at risk from solar radiation depending on how much time they are in space and over Polar Regions. (Photo: NASA)

Solar storms can seriously damage power grid transformers. (Credit: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center)

Auroras over Alaska. (Photo: Daryl Pederson)

Night lights from the International Space Station show cities of Ireland and the United Kingdom in the foreground contrasted by the bright sunrise in the background. The greens and purples of the Aurora Borealis are seen along the rest of the horizon.

Loops, flares and eruptions on particularly active day on the sun. (Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory)